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NASA to test nuclear-powered spacecraft by 2027

January 25, 2023

NASA and the defense research agency DARPA believe they can safely use nuclear energy to power human spaceflight to the red planet.

https://p.dw.com/p/4MekU
A long exposure of the NASA Artemis I Space Launch System rocket as it lifts the Orion spacecraft into the early morning sky from Launch Complex 39B from the Kennedy Space Center last November
NASA's Artemis mission is a precursor to a return to the moon and eventually MarsImage: Bill Ingalls/Nasa/Planet Pix/ZUMA/picture alliance

NASA will partner with the US military's research and development agency, DARPA, to develop nuclear-powered rockets that could fly astronauts to Mars.

NASA says it could allow spacecraft to travel faster, reduce transit time, and have other benefits such as increased payloads on missions.

Administrator Bill Nelson said Tuesday that the US space agency could "develop and demonstrate advanced nuclear thermal propulsion technology as soon as 2027."

"With the help of this new technology, astronauts could journey to and from deep space faster than ever, a major capability to prepare for crewed missions to Mars," Nelson said.

A trip to Mars from Earth using the technology could take roughly four months instead of some nine months with a conventional, chemically powered engine, engineers say.

Nuclear safety concerns

NASA abandoned nuclear thermal propulsion technology about 50 years ago due to a lack of funding and a shift in priorities toward developing chemical rocket engines for the Apollo program.

There were also safety concerns.

DARPA now says it uses high-assay low-enriched uranium instead of highly-enriched uranium.

"As an added safety precaution, DARPA plans to engineer the system so that the DRACO engine's fission reaction will turn on only once it reaches space," it said in a statement.

Testing the nuclear thermal rocket engine

NASA successfully tested its new-era Artemis spacecraft last year, the first step toward putting humans back on the moon and then Mars.

The nuclear thermal rocket engine would, however, first be tested on DARPA's experimental spacecraft. The US Space Force plans to provide the launch for the demonstration mission.

Tabitha Dodson of DARPA said, "We will conduct several experiments with the reactor at various power levels while in space, sending results back to operators on Earth, before executing the full-power rocket engine test remotely,"

Meanwhile, NASA would continue its Artemis program, sending a manned mission to fly around the moon sometime this year before landing "the first woman and next man on the moon by 2024."

NASA believes the agency could be ready to send humans to Mars by the late 2030s.

lo/ar (AFP, Reuters)